Primary study (linked in reporting)
SAGE paper on classical sorting algorithms as a model for morphogenesis / self-organization:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10597123241269740

My Forbes reporting
Forbes article: The Secret Life of Algorithms
https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreamorris/2025/11/13/the-secret-life-of-algorithms/

Michael Levin: primary sources and updates
Levin’s newsletter / ongoing commentary:
https://thoughtforms.life/

Levin’s YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/@drmichaellevin

Levin’s publications page (full list):
https://drmichaellevin.org/publications/

Background context on “agency” (general concept, not specific to this study)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on agency:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/agency/

Related research / broader framing (Levin and collaborators)
Nature Communications overview on “collective intelligence” in cellular material and related themes:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-024-06037-4

Non-biological minimal-cognition comparators (active matter / chemical droplets)
Chemically driven droplet system reported to solve mazes via chemotaxis:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9076793

Philosophical discussion of minimal models of cognition (debates + framing):
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13194-023-00547-4

Comments from attorney Chad Cummings prior to my interview with him: